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Insights · 08.19.25

Distributing Ladder ETFs: An Innovative Solution for Goal Achievement

Fluctuating equities, inflation and interest rates may cause investors to fall short of their most critical goals. Distributing ladder ETFs may help.

Format
Article
Executive Summary

Key Points

What it is

We show why distributing ladder ETFs can work for goals with recurring payments and highlight common use cases.

Why it matters

Distributing ladder ETFs are designed to significantly reduce the risk of falling short of investors’ most critical recurring cash flow needs.

Where it's going

Financial advisors can use these ETFs as a single-fund, cash flow management tool for some of their clients’ most important goals.

Some of the most important investor goals — retirement, college payments, philanthropy, lifestyle support — require regular cash distributions. Advisors may fund these goals for their clients through diversified portfolios or fixed income investments.

 

These approaches come with equity and interest rate risks that may increase the likelihood of clients falling short of their goals. To generate liquidity at predetermined intervals, advisors may have to sell assets at losses in the middle of difficult markets, while interest rates are fluctuating, or when liquidity is low. Managing these risks that threaten to deteriorate wealth while advisors manage cash distributions to fulfill their clients’ financial goals can be challenging.

 

Distributing ladder ETFs — an innovative cash flow management tool — may prove crucial to securing some of clients’ most important goals while mitigating interest rate and inflation risks.

 

How Distributing Ladder ETFs Work

 

A distributing ladder ETF is a portfolio of bonds with staggered maturity dates. In the case of a one-to-10 year distributing ladder, each individual “rung” of the ladder within the ETF represents one year. Distributing ladder ETFs seek to provide monthly income while distributing principal annually until the ETF terminates (see Exhibit 1). This contrasts with traditional where proceeds from maturing bonds are continuously reinvested into another future rung of the ladder rather than returned to the investor.

 

Distributing ladder ETFs are professionally managed portfolios of high quality bonds, including municipal bonds that deliver tax-exempt income or that provide inflation protection.

 

In the end, these ETFs are designed to generate recurring monthly income and annual return of principal. The bonds are held to maturity, which significantly reduces potential losses when interest rates rise because the principal is paid back in full. The annual return of principal makes these products innovative among  fixed income ETFs.

 

Distributing ladder ETFs within a single investment offer investors the expected benefits of ETFs, such as fully transparent portfolios, lower fees, intra-day transaction capabilities, no lockups and deep liquidity. This helps advisors avoid the potentially costly and time-consuming process of building their own bond ladders.

Exhibit 1: A 10-Year Distributing Ladder

A $500,000 investment in a 10-year tax-exempt distributing ladder results in total monthly income and annual principal payments of $567,055.

Compares maturity principal, net income and amortization estimates from 2025 to 2035

Goals-Driven Investing: The Importance of Hedging Goal Risk

 

Rather than viewing investments as one diversified portfolio, with allocations based primarily on risk tolerance and the concept of volatility or standard deviation, the increasingly popular goals-driven approach aligns investment assets to secure the most important priorities in clients’ lives. This approach forms the foundation of the investment philosophy for any advisor focused on goals-driven investing for high net-worth and ultra high net-worth clients.

 

When the overriding investment objective is to fund goals, investors want to minimize the most significant investment risks of bonds, term (maturity) and . This can be accomplished through what we call a “goal hedge”, with a focus on to goals with high quality bonds.

 

To illustrate the effectiveness of a goal hedge, we start with a client goal of funding minimal lifestyle expenses annually for 10 years. We fund this goal with a goal hedge of laddered municipal bonds that are duration-aligned to the consumption goal of 10-year annual payouts.

 

As a comparison, we alternatively fund the goal with short-term cash investments that are not duration-aligned to the timing of each payout. In Exhibit 2, we graph the dispersion (risk) in realized funding outcomes, or the surplus or shortfall to the goal funding, based on realized returns for the goal hedge and cash investments over 254 10-year goal periods, rolling on a monthly basis.

 

Cash (Treasury bills) is commonly viewed as the safe asset due to its minimal volatility. However, as Exhibit 2 shows, its goal-relative risk is significant due to reinvestment risk. The Treasury bills that mature prior to the annual payouts are reinvested at new yields and the difference between those yields and the initial cash yields is what causes the significant dispersion in funding outcomes in Exhibit 2. This is fundamentally due to a mismatch in .

 

On the other hand, the portfolio of high-grade, duration-aligned municipal bonds shows minimal dispersion in funding outcomes in Exhibit 2 because they mature at approximately the same time as each of the 10 flows in the goal. The use of high-grade municipal bonds minimizes default risk while duration alignment minimizes goal-relative term risk.

 

Tax-exempt or inflation-linked distributing ladder ETFs aligned to annual cash flow goals can provide this duration alignment while minimizing defaults — an enhanced and a much simpler solution.

Exhibit 2: The Risk of Duration Mismatch

To fund a series of annual cash flow goals over 10 years, our research shows that the duration-aligned municipal bond portfolio had much lower dispersion around the funding goals than the duration-misaligned cash investments.

compares duration aligned and misaligned investments from 2002 to 2024

Using Distributing Ladder ETFs to Achieve Common Goals

 

Distributing ladder ETFs may fund a variety of goals to cover minimum living expenses, pay expected large annual bills or to secure key family goals. Examples include:

 

College Tuition: Many investors have a goal of covering annual college expenses for a child. Using a five-year tax-exempt distributing ladder ETF to manage annual cash flow, they stay invested and receive distributions of monthly tax-exempt income and annual principal to cover college expenses (Exhibit 3).

 

Charitable Giving: A philanthropist has a goal of donating $20,000 a year for the next 10 years to the local contemporary arts museum. By purchasing a 10-year tax-exempt distributing ladder ETF, the philanthropist may meet this goal through the annual return of principal while earning tax-exempt monthly income.

 

Retirement: A retiree seeking income to complement social security payments and meet minimum required distributions from a retirement account may invest $1 million into a 30-year inflation-linked distributing ladder ETF. The ETF seeks to pay to the retiree monthly income and annual return of principal over 30 years to help cover lifestyle expenses during retirement.

 

Lifestyle Support: Parents or grandparents want to assist a child or grandchild transitioning to independent living after graduating from college with $10,000 in financial support annually over the next five years. A five-year inflation-linked distributing ladder ETF could contribute to the child’s financial needs through the annual return of principal and earn monthly income.

Exhibit 3: Paying College Expenses

A $500,000 investment in a five-year tax-exempt distributing ladder allows parents to cover more than $90,000 in college expenses a year, receiving a total of $530,473 in annual distributions and monthly income.

compares coupon and principal distributions over tax-exempt distributing ladder life estimated from 2025 to 2030

Achieving Your Clients’ Most Important Goals

 

Goals-driven investing matches a clients’ financial assets to their unique goals and objectives to create a true reflection of the purpose that underlies their assets. The focus of risk with goals-driven investing isn’t on the variability of returns, but rather the risk of falling short of goals. Distributing ladder ETFs, an investment innovation for cash flow management, are designed to deliver on goals that require annual cash distributions while mitigating interest-rate risks. They are a single fund solution to cash flow management in a low-cost ETF, with potential for inflation protection and tax efficiency over a variety of time horizons.

Main Point

A Tool for Recurring Annual Financial Goals

Some of the most important goals — retirement, college payments, philanthropy, lifestyle support — require regular cash distributions. Distributing ladder ETFs seek to deliver annual principal repayment and monthly income, while potentially reducing interest-rate and inflation risk.

Insights

Distributing Ladder ETFs: An Innovative Retirement Solution

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The Bloomberg Municipal Bond 1-Year (1 - 2) Total Return Index is a sub-index of the Bloomberg U.S. Municipal Index that includes bonds maturing between one and two years at rebalance. 

The Bloomberg Municipal Bond 3-Year (2 – 4) Total Return Index is a sub-index of the Bloomberg U.S. Municipal Index that includes bonds maturing between two and four years at rebalance. 

The Bloomberg Municipal Bond 5-Year (4 – 6) Total Return Index is a sub-index of the Bloomberg U.S. Municipal Index that includes bonds maturing between four and six years at rebalance. 

The Bloomberg Municipal Bond 7-Year (6 – 8) Total Return Index is a sub-index of the Bloomberg U.S. Municipal Index that includes bonds maturing between six and eight years at rebalance. 

The Bloomberg Municipal Bond 10-Year (8 – 12) Total Return Index is a sub-index of the Bloomberg U.S. Municipal Index that includes bonds maturing between eight and 12 years at rebalance.

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Inflation-Indexed Securities Risk is the risk that the value of inflation protected securities, such as TIPS, generally will fluctuate in response to changes in real interest rates, generally decreasing when real interest rates rise and increasing when real interest rates fall. In addition, interest payments on inflation-protected securities will generally vary up or down along with the rate of inflation.

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